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These findings suggest that memes can successfully influence people’s opinion on politicians. Moreover, 12 percent of Obama supporters believed that Clinton had a serious illness. Network Propaganda, a book by researchers at Harvard’s Berkman Klein Center describes how nearly half of Trump voters gave some credence to the Pizzagate rumor. These memes, and the media attention surrounding them, generated ambiguity and doubt among voters. Images spread fabrications that Ted Cruz was the Zodiac killer, Hillary Clinton was on the verge of dying, and she was running a child sex ring in a pizza place. Memes were still funny, but the campaign period was characterized by a large number of nasty memes, aimed attacking opponents and spreading rumors. Even though memes were still primarily created by grassroot online communities, such as the Facebook groups Bernie Sanders’ Dank Meme Stash and God Emperor Trump, these images filled a valuable gap that was not covered by traditional campaign strategies. They were not primarily created to propagandize political views but were first and foremost funny.Įverything changed in the 2016 campaign, when internet memes were progressively professionalized and politicized. While memes obviously made a point in mocking politicians, most were not born out of pure discontent or resentment.
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presidential election, which brought us classics such as Romney hates Big Bird, binders full of women and Amercia (there was a lot of Mitt Romney). Memes were broadly used during the 2011 Occupy movement and the 2012 U.S. Only a few years later, people became engaged on a wide scale with politics through memes. And the internets responded-making this Bushism one of the first political internet memes.
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Bush mispronounced the internet as “internets.” Four years later, he repeated this error in a debate with John Kerry (“I hear there’s rumors on the, uh, internets that we’re going to have a draft.”). In 2000, during a presidential debate, then-candidate George W.